Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2005) - Christmas Island (2005)

Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2005) z Christmas Island (2005)

	Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2005)	Christmas Island (2005)

Administrative divisions	-	none (territory of Australia)
Age structure	-	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA
Agriculture - products	-	NA
Airports	-	1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 5 sq km land: 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island	total: 135 sq km land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC	about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC
Background	These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve.	Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement was begun by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park.
Birth rate	-	NA
Budget	-	revenues: NA expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of NA
Capital	-	The Settlement
Climate	tropical	tropical with a wet and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds; wet season December to April
Coastline	74.1 km	138.9 km
Constitution	-	Christmas Island Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958)
Country name	conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands	conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island conventional short form: Christmas Island
Death rate	-	NA
Dependency status	territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services	territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territory of Australia)	none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territory of Australia)	none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international	Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia closed the surrounding waters to Indonesian traditional fishing and created a national park in the region while continuing to prospect for hydrocarbons in the vicinity	none
Economic aid - recipient	-	NA
Economy - overview	no economic activity	Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993. The casino closed in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial space-launching site on the island, projected to begin operations in the near future
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 3 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Murray Hill 361 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Ethnic groups	-	Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10% note: no indigenous population (2001)
Exchange rates	-	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general head of government: Administrator Evan WILLIAMS (since 1 November 2003) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia
Exports	-	NA
Exports - commodities	-	phosphate
Exports - partners	-	Australia, NZ
Fiscal year	-	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	the flag of Australia is used	the flag of Australia is used; note - in early 1986, the Christmas Island Assembly held a design competition for an island flag, however, the winning design has never been formally adopted as the official flag of the territory
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA
GDP - real growth rate	-	NA
Geographic coordinates	12 14 S, 123 05 E	10 30 S, 105 40 E
Geography - note	Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983	located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean
Highways	-	total: 240 km paved: 30 km unpaved: 210 km (2000)
Imports	-	NA
Imports - commodities	-	consumer goods
Imports - partners	-	principally Australia
Independence	-	none (territory of Australia)
Industries	-	tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion)
Infant mortality rate	-	total: NA male: NA female: NA
International organization participation	-	none
Irrigated land	0 sq km (1998 est.)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	-	Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court
Labor force	-	NA
Labor force - by occupation	-	NA
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all grass and sand) (2001)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park (2001)
Languages	-	English (official), Chinese, Malay
Legal system	the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply	under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law
Legislative branch	-	unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: held every two years with half the members standing for election; last held 3 May 2003 (next to be held in 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: NA male: NA female: NA
Literacy	-	NA
Location	Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island	Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia
Map references	Southeast Asia	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force	defense is the responsibility of Australia
National holiday	-	Australia Day, 26 January (1788)
Nationality	-	noun: Christmas Islander(s) adjective: Christmas Island
Natural hazards	surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards	the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Natural resources	fish	phosphate, beaches
Net migration rate	-	NA
People - note	the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem	the Australian Bureau of Statistics reports a population of 1,508 as of the 2001 Census
Political parties and leaders	-	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	none
Population	no indigenous inhabitants note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island (July 2005 est.)	361 (July 2005 est.)
Population growth rate	-	0% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	none; offshore anchorage only	Flying Fish Cove
Radio broadcast stations	-	AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (2004)
Religions	-	Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997)
Sex ratio	-	NA
Telephone system	-	general assessment: service provided by the Australian network domestic: GSM mobile telephone service replaced older analog system in February 2005 international: country code - 61-891; satellite earth stations - one Intelsat earth station provides telephone and telex service (2000)
Telephones - main lines in use	-	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	NA
Television broadcast stations	-	NA
Terrain	low with sand and coral	steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau
Total fertility rate	-	NA

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